Odin Glossary

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V

A

- A standard compression algorithm, used in digital communications systems of the European digital hierarchy, to optimize, i.e., modify, the dynamic range of an analog signal for digitizing.

- ("All-knowing") One of the wisest dwarves in Nordic Mythology. He is known for demanding to marry Thrud, Thor's daughter. Thor challenged him until the the sun rose and turned him to stone. Alvis is also the name of Odin's VoIP and processor adapters.

- Analog to digital conversion.

- Application Programming Interface: A means by which device manufacturers provide access to control the board for programmers.

- ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) is a dedicated-connection switching technology that organizes digital data into 53-byte cell units and transmits them over a physical medium using digital signal technology.

B

- a Nordic viking god who was one of the sons of Odin and whose name means "glorious". He was described as very handsome and wise god. Balder is also the name of Odin's ISDN BRI adapters.

- The transmission capacity of a telecommunications link (e.g., 64 kbps).

C

- is the profile of a call progress signal for example, two short rings followed by silence.

- Stands for Channel Associated Signalling in which control signals, such as those for synchronizing and bounding frames, are carried in the same channels along with voice and data signals.

- Location where telecommunications subscribers are connected to the local exchange carrier to complete the 'local loop.'

- Telecommunications routing system in which a signal travels along a dedicated path. It is the opposite of 'packet switching,' in which digital information travels along multiple paths.

- "Computer Telephony," is the use of computers to manage telephone calls. The term is used in describing the computerized services of call centers. It's also sometimes used to describe the ability to use your personal computer to initiate and manage phone calls.

D

- The channel through which data is transmitted in CAS mode.

- The process of retrieving data from a multiplexed signal.

- Attachment to PCMCIA cards. The dongle enclosure hosts the connector for the external network interface. The Odin PCMCIA cards are supplied with two dongles, each providing connectivity for one network interface.

- Digital Service Level 0, a 64Kbps channel used as the basic unit of bandwidth used for voice communication.

- Digital Service Level 1, a 1.544Mbps channel supported by T1 service. 24 DS-0 channels make up one DS-1 channel.

- Digital Signal Processor is generally used for computation intensive applications such as tone detection, voice compression etc. Digital signal processing (DSP) refers to various techniques for improving the accuracy and reliability of digital communications.

- Dual Tone Multi Frequency is the specification of a touch tone service. There are 16 DTMF signals. each signal is comprised of two two audible tones played simultaneously.

E

- A E1 line can carry 32 digitized voice channels, or it can carry data at a rate of 2.048 megabits per second.

- The Error Insertion applications permits single,
fixed, automatic, and random error insertion into the incoming bit stream.

- Extended Superframe. 24 frames are bundled in a certain format and transmitted

F

- Frame is a array of bits where signals and data are encrypted in a particular fashion.

- An interface protocol for statistically multiplexed packet-switched data communications in which (a) variable-sized packets (frames) are used that completely enclose the user packets they transport, and (b) transmission rates are usually between 56 kb/s and 1.544 Mb/s (the T-1 rate).

- The number of complete cycles per unit of time.

- Frequency Shift Keying is a method of modulating a voice grade channel. The telephony "Caller ID" feature uses FSK as its method of modulation.

FXO

- Foreign Exchange Office. The FXO interface connects to the central office of a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). It is the interface offered on standard analog phones. The Odin Arni-16-PCI board is equipped with 16 FXO interfaces.

FXS

- Foreign Exchange Station. The FXS interface connects to a standard analog phones, and it supplies ring voltage and dial tone. The FXS interface is used on line cards in a the central office of a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).

G

- Gaussian noise is characterized by having random signal values whose amplitude values follow a Gaussian distribution.

H

- Abbreviation for High Level Data Link control. A Link-Level protocol used to facilitate reliable point-to-point transmission of a data packet. Note: A subset of HDLC, known as 'LAP-B,' is the Layer-two protocol for CCITT Recommendation X.25. The Odin driver has support for multiple HDLC devices.

I

- A method where call control signals are embedded in the same channel as voice communication.

- It is the driver delay taking place within T1/E1 card.

- Abbreviation for Integrated Services Digital Network. An integrated digital network in which the same time-division switches and digital transmission paths are used to establish connections for different services. ISDN services include telephone, data, electronic mail, and facsimile.

- ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) is a standard bus (computer interconnection) architecture that is associated with the IBM AT motherboard. It allows 16 bits at a time to flow between the motherboard circuitry and an expansion slot card and its associated device(s).

J

- A variant of T1 (1.544 Mbit/s) used in Japan.

K

L

- The delay measured between a communications channel running from a switching center or an individual message distribution point to the user terminal.

- A term used on the OTX driver. Examples of logical devices are HDLC Senders, HDLC Receivers, DTMF detectors, DTMF generators, etc. A logical device is hosted by a physical device.

- A method of performing transmission tests of access lines from the serving switching center, which method usually does not require the assistance of personnel at the served terminal.

- A standard analog signal compression algorithm, used in digital communications systems of the North American digital hierarchy, to optimize, i.e. , modify, the dynamic range of an analog signal prior to digitizing.

M

-To sequentially incorporate several data streams into a single data stream in such a manner that each may later be recovered intact.

N

Noise

- An undesired disturbance within the frequency band of interest; the summation of unwanted or disturbing energy introduced into a communications system from man-made and natural sources.

Nordic gods

- Mythical viking warriors of the Scandinavian heritage that represent Odin TeleSystem's name and products. Odin is the father of various Balder and Thor. Balder and Thor are also products in the Odin product family.

O

- The Nordic God who is the father of Balder and Thor. He is the Chief God and has only one eye.

- A state when the telephone handset is not in its cradle.

- A state when the telephone handset is in its cradle, idle state.

- The absence of connection to another computer. In off-line analysis captured information can be analysed which has been saved to disk in real time analysis.

- Odin Telecom Frameworkx, Device driver and API software development toolkit for developing telecom applications on Odin's telecom boards. OTX Driver supports Windows98/ME/2000/NT/XP and Linux O/S platforms.

- A method where call control signaling is established using a seperate channel from the voice communication.

P

-Segments of data bundled together for efficient digital transmission.

- PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) is an interconnection system between a microprocessor and attached devices in which expansion slots are spaced closely for high speed operation. PCI transmits 32 bits at a time and 64 bits in an expanded implementation

- Pulse Code Modulation is a method of sampling an analog signal.

- The PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) is an industry group organized in 1989 to promote standards for a credit card-size memory or I/O device that would fit into a personal computer, usually a notebook or laptop computer. Odin offers various
PCMCIA telecom network adapters.

- A term used on the OTX driver. Represents a physical component, such as a line interfaced device, or a DSP device.

- A term used in the OTX driver. Represents a path for a data connection. A pipe has a capacity which describes how much data can flow through it. A common capacity is 64 kbit/s (one timeslot). A pipe is a simplex connection. It has one input and one output. Pipes can be connected to physical or logical devices.

- Plain Old Telephone Service is the most simple analog telephone service available.

- Primary Rate Interface is a specification for out of band signaling. On a T1 circuit, there are 23B channels (voice channels) + 1D channel (for signaling).

Q

R

- A term used in the OTX driver. It represents a un-modified stream of data extracted from one or more timeslots.

- The real-time mode of operation is used to capture stream of frames on the selected contiguous or non-contiguous timeslots or full bandwidth of T1/E1, 24 or 32 channels.

- It is the delay taking place between the input and output of a system or network.

S

- The process of transferring information between two parts of a telephone network to control the establishment of communications between long distance carrier terminal points, and customer equipment required for voice grade dedicated circuits.

- A common-channel signaling system defined by the CCITT in the 1988 Blue Book, in Recommendations Q.771 through Q.774.

- 12 frames are bundled in a certain format and transmitted. Used in T1 mode.

T

- A T1 line can carry 24 digitized voice channels, or it can carry data at a rate of 1.544 megabits per second.

- A T3 line is a super high-speed connection capable of transmitting data at a rate of 45 million bps (bits per second). A T3 line represents a bandwidth equal to about 672 regular voice-grade telephone lines, which is wide enough to transmit full-motion, real-time video, and very large databases over a busy network.

- Time Division Multiplexing, a method for creating discrete timeslots for multiple communication. On a T1 circuit there are 24 TDM timeslots for communication.

- a Nordic viking god who was one of the sons of Odin. He was a god of thunder and lightening and the main enemy of the giants. Thor is also the product name for T1/E1 network interface adapters.

- A particular time interval during which data packets will be sent. A timeslot is usually 8 bits of data with a sample rate of 64 kbit/s.

U

V

- a Nordic viking god who was one of the sons of Odin. He was one of the strongest and considered to be the god of vengeance. This name is also given to Odin Telesystems' powerful DSP resource boards.

- Pertaining to those frequencies within that part of the audio range that is used for the transmission of speech. (188)
Note 1: In telephony, the usable voice-frequency band ranges from approximately 300 Hz to 3400 Hz. Note 2: In telephony, the bandwidth allocated for a single voice-frequency transmission channel is usually 4 kHz, including guard bands.

VoIP

- Voice over Internet Protocol. The technology used to transmit voice conversations over a data network using the Internet Protocol. Such data network may be the Internet or a corporate Intranet. Odin offers several products suitable for this technology.